每一项科学研究的发布，都离不开多个学科、多个科研团队、甚至多个国家科研代表的共同协作。因此，国际学术交流对于集中优势科研资源、实现科研进步非常有帮助。

9月4日， 以“科技改变城市，智慧创造生活”为主题的第二届中澳科学未来会议在北京圆满召开。会议期间，悉尼新南威尔士大学(UNSW Sydney)化学学院的马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授接受与会媒体采访，玛蒂娜教授是近90年来第一位获得新南威尔士州皇家学会利弗希德格奖章(Royal Society of NSW's Liversidge Medal)的女性，她分享了在个性化癌症治疗方法研究中的研发感悟。

马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授发表主题演讲

纳米医学，让癌症治疗更进一步

“我们希望做的就是可以使抗癌治疗变得更加有效。”马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授告诉HC3i，我们在试图把抗癌药物加入纳米颗粒之中，这样它就可以精准地把抗癌药物传送到目标位置。

研发这一技术的初衷是，在传统的癌症治疗中，很多时候药物不能精确地抵达肿瘤的部位，反而会抵达身体的其他健康部位，从而带来一系列严重的毒副作用。通过对抗癌药物使用纳米颗粒等新型材料，结合靶向治疗技术，使得抗癌药物可以准确地直击肿瘤的核心，并进一步提高药物的有效传送程度。

具体做法是：

第一步，基于靶向医疗可以确保让抗癌药物真正抵达癌细胞。即：先定位在癌细胞的表面是否存在特殊受体，该特殊受体作为一个标识物对这种癌细胞是独一无二的，相当于给它打上了一个标记，然后就把抗癌药物包裹在带有相应配体的纳米颗粒中让它能够找到细胞表面的受体，从而与它进行一个匹配。所以，靶向治疗相当于在癌细胞上树了一个靶子，几乎在任何种类的癌症上都是可以有效应用的。

第二步，通过纳米材料提高药物在癌细胞内的到达率。为什么后来会跟纳米医学有关系?因为有一些新的药物是针对一些特定癌症的，但是组成分子可能不太稳定。在进入身体之后，还来不及到达癌细胞就已经被身体分解了。所以，我们用纳米颗粒包裹住药物，使药物可以有效到达癌细胞的深处。

“简而言之，这种新型的以纳米颗粒包裹的抗癌药物可以准确地抵达癌细胞中相应的区域，而且不会伤害其他健康的细胞。”马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授说。

医学进步背后，有跨学科交流

个性化医疗的兴起，让越来越多的医药学专家意识到，新药研发不仅仅是医学、药学专家的任务，需要引入更多领域的专家，比如：化学、材料学、AI、统计学等。

从纳米医学角度来看，目前已经有多款纳米药物上市，比如：对抗乳腺癌的纳米药物——Abraxane®和Doxil®。与此同时，纳米医疗领域的专家也在研究用于治疗帕金森综合症和糖尿病的纳米药物。“我们也是希望通过纳米技术解决对于抗生素的一些耐药性和抵抗性问题。”马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授说。

在这种跨学科的研究里，大家都是朝着同一个共同的目标去努力的，每个人都需要贡献自己的力量。“你不能太过自负，你需要听从其他领域专家的意见，你去跟他们学习，这个是很重要的。”马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授说，“尤其是在纳米科学这个方面，不可能每个人都做团队领导，你只是团队的一个部分”。

有时候一些科学家更加喜欢单枪匹马作战，或者是只做喜欢的领域，但是，联合性研究就需要不同的人在一起合作。

此外，对于不同专业科研人员来说还有一个问题，即：需要去研究、学习其他人的语言。“比如说我在这个研究中很大的一个问题是我跟相同研究领域的同事交流是很容易的。但是，如果是和不同领域的人交流，哪怕我们都是讲英语，也还会存在一些问题。”马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授说。

纳米医学的中国机遇

“中国一直是纳米医学领域的世界领导者之一。”马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授说，我在中国也是看到了很多非常好的成果，通过双方不断地加强合作我们可以学到很多，双方也可以更好地实现合作和交流。

“中国在纳米医学上有两个领域特别领先，”她说。

第一，中国在对纳米颗粒的理论计算上是非常优秀的。中国已经可以提前预测纳米颗粒会如何行动，会如何表现。

第二，中国的医院对于这些新想法也是非常开放的，也乐意尝试。这其实是与传统的医学大相径庭的，但是中国的医院会感兴趣，会愿意去尝试。

跨界交流，发掘更多科研机会

中国科研领域的开放态度，促成了越来越多的国际科研合作模式和项目落地。

悉尼新南威尔士大学与中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院早在2009年便达成合作伙伴关系。如今，悉尼新南威尔士大学和中国之间已经存在相当多的合作了，尤其是在纳米科学方面。“现在我们大学已经与超过70家中国的高校、研究机构以及政府部门有了合作关系，而且，我们也有很多共同的出版物。”马蒂娜·斯滕泽尔教授介绍说，通过合作我们可以出更多、更好的科研成果，关于这一点双方是已经达成共识的。同时，悉尼新南威尔士大学还给中国一些新的研究项目提供种子基金。

推动科技进步，是每一位科学家的理想，这是国际上每一个科学家的共识。随着中国科研领域的不断开放，将有越来越多的科学家来到中国共同发掘更多的科研机会，既是中国科学发展的一次机遇，也将为世界科技进步贡献力量。

GOOGLE TRANSLATE VERSION:

Conversation with experts in nanomedicine at the University of New South Wales in Sydney to see the scientific opportunities brought about by China-Australia cooperation

The release of each scientific research is inseparable from the collaboration of multiple disciplines, multiple research teams, and even national research representatives. Therefore, the international exchange of scientific research capabilities is very helpful for concentrating the advantages of scientific research resources and realizing scientific research progress.

On September 4th, the 2nd Sino-Australian Science Future Conference on the theme of “Technology changes the city, wisdom creates life” was successfully held in Beijing. During the conference, Professor Martina Stenzel of the Department of Chemistry at the University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney) was interviewed by the media and shared her insights into the research and development of personalized cancer treatment methods.

Nanomedicine, let cancer treatment go further

“What we hope to do is to make anticancer treatment more effective.” Professor Martina Stenzel told HC3i that we are trying to add anticancer drugs to the nanoparticles so that it can accurately resist.

The cancer drug is delivered to the target location where we need it to be delivered.

The original intention of the development of this drug is that in the traditional cancer treatment, many times the drug cannot reach the tumor site accurately, but will reach other healthy parts of the body, which will bring a series of serious side effects. Through the use of new materials such as nanoparticles and anti-cancer drugs, combined with targeted therapy technology, anticancer drugs can accurately hit the core of the tumor and further improve the effective delivery of the drug.

The specific approach is:

The first step, based on targeted care, ensures that anticancer drugs actually reach the core of the cancer cell. That is: whether the receptor is first located on the surface of the cancer cell, and the receptor as a marker is unique to the cancer cell, which is equivalent to marking it, and then wrapping the anticancer drug in the nanoparticle to make it The surface receptor can be found to match it. Therefore, targeted therapy is equivalent to giving cancer cells a target that can be applied in real time on almost any type of cancer.

In the second step, nanomaterials are used to increase the rate of drug arrival in cancer cells. Why is it related to nanomedicine later? Because some new drugs are targeted at specific cancers, the constituent molecules may be less stable. After entering the body, it may be degraded by the body, and even if it is too late to reach the cancer cells, it has already been broken down by the body. Therefore, we use nanotechnology particles as a new way to encapsulate drugs with nanoparticles, so that drugs can reach the depths of cancer cells.

"In short, this new nanoparticle-encapsulated anticancer drug can reach the core of cancer cells without harming other healthy cells," said Professor Martina Stenzel.

Behind medical progress, there is interdisciplinary communication

The rise of personalized medicine has made more and more medical experts realize that the development of new drugs is not only a matter of medicine and pharmacy experts, but also needs to introduce more experts in fields such as chemistry, materials science, AI, statistics.

From the perspective of nanomedicine, there are already a number of nanopharmaceuticals on the market, such as the two major nano drugs to market breast cancer nano-drugs - such as Abraxane® and Doxil® Abraxas and Doceo. At the same time, experts in the field of nanomedicine are also using drug research to treat nanomedicine for Parkinson's disease and diabetes; nanomedicine is used to treat resistance to antibiotics. "We also hope to solve some of the resistance and resistance to antibiotics through nanoparticles," said Professor Martina Stenzel.

In this interdisciplinary study, everyone is working toward the same common goal, and everyone needs to contribute their own strength. "You can't be too conceited. You need to listen to the opinions of experts in other fields. It is very important that you go to learn with them." Professor Martina Stenzel said that especially in the field of nanoscience, it is impossible. Everyone is a team leader, you are just a part of the team.

Sometimes some scientists prefer to fight alone, or just do what they like, but joint research requires different people to work together.

In addition, there is another problem for different professional researchers: that is, to study and learn the language of others. “For example, one of my big problems in this research is that it is very easy for me to communicate with colleagues in the same field of study. However, if we communicate with people in different fields, even if we all speak English, dome questions will still exist," said Professor Martina Stenzel.

Chinese opportunities in nanomedicine

“China has always been one of the world leaders in nanomedicine in nanoscience and nanomedicine.” Professor Martina Stenzel said that I have seen many, very good results in China. We can learn a lot from the continuous strengthening of cooperation between the two sides, and the two sides can better achieve cooperation and exchanges.

“China has two areas of particular leadership in nanomedicine,” she said.

First, China's theoretical calculation of nanoparticles is very good. China can already predict in advance how nanoparticles will act and how they will behave. Therefore, China has done a good job in theory.

Second, Chinese hospitals are also very open to these new ideas and are happy to try. This is actually quite different from traditional medicine, but Chinese hospitals will be interested and willing to try.

Cross-border exchanges to explore more research opportunities

The open attitude in China's scientific research field has led to more and more international research cooperation models and projects.

The University of New South Wales in Sydney and the Institute of Science and Technology Strategic Consulting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences reached a partnership in 2009.

Today, there is considerable cooperation between the University of New South Wales in Sydney and China, especially in nanoscience. “Now our university has established partnerships with more than 70 Chinese universities, research institutes and government departments, and we share a lot of common publications,” said Professor Martina Stenzel.

Cooperation, we can produce more and better scientific research results. On this point, the two sides have reached consensus. At the same time, the two sides also have some cooperation on the fund. The University of New South Wales in Sydney also provides seed funding for some new research projects in China. Especially in nanoscience.

Promoting scientific and technological progress is the ideal of every scientist. This is the consensus of every scientist in the world. With the continuous opening of China's scientific research field, more and more scientists will come to China to explore more scientific research opportunities. This is not only an opportunity for China's scientific development, but also a contribution to the world's scientific and technological progress.